Wars, politics & history

Singing Revolution

1987

The Singing Revolution was the nonviolent movement through which Estonia, Latvia and Lithuania restored their independence from the Soviet Union. Its name comes from the mass singing demonstrations in which hundreds of thousands of people gathered to sing banned patriotic songs, especially in Estonia, where night song festivals in Tallinn became symbols of national unity. Early protests in 1987 included demonstrations against phosphate mining and a rally marking the anniversary of the Molotov–Ribbentrop Pact. In August 1989 about two million people formed the Baltic Way, a human chain stretching from Tallinn through Riga to Vilnius. Lithuania declared independence in March 1990, and after the failed Moscow coup of August 1991 the Soviet Union recognized all three states.

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