The White Revolution was a programme of reforms launched by Shah Mohammad Reza Pahlavi of Iran and approved by a referendum, intended to modernise the country and to win popular support. Its measures included land reform, which broke up large estates and distributed land to peasants, the sale of state factories, profit-sharing for workers, the vote for women, a literacy corps, and a health corps. The reforms were opposed by landowners and by much of the clergy, including Ayatollah Ruhollah Khomeini, who was arrested and exiled after protests in 1963. Although they brought some economic and social improvements, the reforms also created dislocation and resentment, and they are seen as contributing to the Islamic Revolution of 1979.
Before and after
- 18 November 1962Death of Niels Bohr
- 19 November 1962Birth of Jodie Foster
- 23 November 1962Birth of Nicolás Maduro
- 29 December 1962Birth of Carles Puigdemont
- from 1963 to 1979White Revolution
- c. 1963Birth of Ismail Haniyeh
- from 1963 to 2002Founding of Organisation of African Unity
- 1963Origins of Billie Jean King Cup
- from 1963 to 1967Rise of British Invasion
More in Wars, politics & history
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- 31 January 2020Brexit
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The era
This moment belongs to the Contemporary world (1945 CE to today), the world since 1945. You can also browse everything in the 20th century.