The Second Spanish Republic was established after Republican parties won the municipal elections and King Alfonso XIII left the country. It brought a program of reform, including a new constitution, women's suffrage, secular measures, military and land reform and autonomy for Catalonia, which divided Spanish society deeply. Governments shifted from the left to a right-wing coalition in 1933, and the Popular Front won the elections of February 1936. In July 1936 a military coup by generals including Francisco Franco started the Spanish Civil War. The Republic fought with Soviet aid and the International Brigades, while Franco's Nationalists were supported by Germany and Italy. Franco won in 1939, and his dictatorship lasted until 1975.
Before and after
- 8 February 1931Birth of James Dean
- 18 February 1931Birth of Toni Morrison
- 2 March 1931Birth of Mikhail Gorbachev
- 10 April 1931Death of Kahlil Gibran
- from 14 April 1931 to 1 April 1939Second Spanish Republic
- 15 April 1931Birth of Tomas Tranströmer
- 1 May 1931Construction of Empire State Building
- 27 May 1931Construction of Chrysler Building
- 3 June 1931Birth of Raúl Castro
More in Civilizations & archaeology
- 17 July 1917Rise of House of Windsor
- from 25 October 1917 to 25 December 1991Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic
- from 11 November 1918 to 11 September 1939Interwar period
- from 10 March 1919 to 24 August 1991Ukrainian Soviet Socialist Republic
- from 28 April 1920 to 18 October 1991Azerbaijan Soviet Socialist Republic
- from 12 December 1925 to 1 April 1979Pahlavi dynasty
The era
This moment belongs to the Modern era (1914 CE to 1945 CE), world wars and a changing world. You can also browse everything in the 20th century.