Google Scholar is a free search engine that indexes the full text or metadata of scholarly literature across many disciplines and formats, including articles, theses, books and court opinions. It was created by Google engineers Anurag Acharya and Alex Verstak and launched in beta form. It ranks results taking into account the full text of each document, where it was published, who wrote it and how often it has been cited. Features such as the cited by link, citation counts and author profiles have made it a widely used tool for researchers, although critics point out that its coverage is not documented and that it can include low-quality sources. It has become one of the main ways in which people find academic papers.
Before and after
- 26 October 2004Release of Grand Theft Auto: San Andreas
- 28 October 2004Discovery of S/2004 S 6
- 28 October 2004The 'hobbit' Homo floresiensis is announced
- 29 October 2004Treaty establishing a Constitution for Europe
- November 2004Release of Google Scholar
- 2 November 20042004 United States presidential election
- from 8 November 2004 to 4 May 2026Launch of Wikinews
- 11 November 2004Death of Yasser Arafat
- 16 November 2004Release of Half-Life 2
More in Science & technology
- 1949Discovery of berkelium
- 1955Discovery of mendelevium
- 1958Discovery of nobelium
- c. 1980sInvention of laptop
- 9 November 1994Discovery of darmstadtium
- 8 December 1994Discovery of roentgenium
The era
This moment belongs to the Contemporary world (1945 CE to today), the world since 1945. You can also browse everything in the 21st century.
