The unification of Italy, known as the Risorgimento, was the process by which the separate states of the Italian peninsula were joined into a single kingdom. After the Congress of Vienna in 1815 restored the old rulers, Italy was divided among Austrian-controlled territories, the Papal States, the Kingdom of the Two Sicilies and the Kingdom of Sardinia. Nationalists such as Giuseppe Mazzini inspired revolts, while Count Camillo Cavour, prime minister of Sardinia, used diplomacy and alliances, notably with France, and Giuseppe Garibaldi led volunteers in the conquest of the south in 1860. The Kingdom of Italy was proclaimed in 1861 under Victor Emmanuel II. Venetia was added in 1866, and Rome was taken from the pope in 1870 and became the capital in 1871.
Before and after
- from 6 September 1814 to 11 September 1814Battle of Plattsburgh
- from 12 October 1814 to 20 September 1866Kingdom of Hanover
- c. 1810sPublication of Stille Nacht Heilige Nacht
- 1815Congress of Vienna
- from 1815 to 1871Unification of Italy
- 1815William Smith publishes the first geological map of England and Wales
- 8 January 1815Battle of New Orleans
- 6 March 1815Discovery of 13P/Olbers
- 16 March 1815Founding of Kingdom of the Netherlands
More in Civilizations & archaeology
- from 1799 to 1849Sikh Empire
- 6 February 1819Founding of modern Singapore
- from 1839 to 1876Tanzimat
- from 8 February 1861 to 1 May 1865Confederate States of America
- 1891Discovery of Gundestrup cauldron
- March 1900Arthur Evans begins digging at Knossos
The era
This moment belongs to the Industrial era (1760 CE to 1914 CE), steam, factories and revolutions. You can also browse everything in the 19th century.