The Tanzimat, meaning reorganization, was a period of modernizing reforms in the Ottoman Empire, which began with the Gülhane Edict of 1839 issued under Sultan Abdulmejid I. Its aim was to strengthen the state against European pressure and internal unrest by guaranteeing the lives and property of all subjects, regardless of religion, and by introducing regular conscription and fairer taxation. Later measures created new legal codes, secular schools, a modern postal and telegraph system and the Ottoman Bank. Statesmen such as Mustafa Reşid Pasha and Midhat Pasha drove the changes. The era ended with the first Ottoman constitution of 1876, which was soon suspended by Sultan Abdulhamid II.
Before and after
- 1839Cell theory
- January 1839Discovery of lanthanum
- 1839Founding of Madame Tussauds
- from 1839 to 1841Second Egyptian-Ottoman War
- from 1839 to 1876Tanzimat
- 1839Founding of Harvard College Observatory
- 19 January 1839Birth of Paul Cézanne
- from March 1839 to October 1842First Anglo-Afghan War
- 9 March 1839Birth of Modest Petrovich Mussorgsky
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- from 18 May 1804 to 7 July 1815First French Empire
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- from 1837 to 1901Victorian era
- from 1 March 1867 to 28 October 1918Austria–Hungary
- from 1 January 1871 to 9 November 1918German Empire
The era
This moment belongs to the Industrial era (1760 CE to 1914 CE), steam, factories and revolutions. You can also browse everything in the 19th century.