International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights

The International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights is a United Nations treaty that commits its parties to protect the basic civil and political freedoms of individuals. It was adopted by the General Assembly in December 1966 and entered into force in 1976. The rights it covers include the right to life, freedom from torture and slavery, the right to a fair trial, freedom of thought, religion and expression, and the right to vote. Together with the Universal Declaration of Human Rights and the Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights, it forms what is known as the International Bill of Human Rights. A Human Rights Committee of independent experts monitors how states carry out their obligations.

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