The Caucasus campaign was the fighting between Russia and the Ottoman Empire on their mountainous common frontier during the First World War. It began when the Ottoman fleet attacked Russian Black Sea ports, and soon afterwards Enver Pasha launched an offensive in winter that ended in disaster at Sarikamish, where thousands of Ottoman soldiers froze or starved. Russian forces then advanced and captured Erzurum and Trabzon in 1916. The Russian Revolution of 1917 caused their front to collapse, and in 1918 the Ottomans recovered lost territory and pushed into Transcaucasia. The campaign was marked by the persecution and deportation of Armenians, which has been recognized as genocide by many countries. It ended with the Armistice of Mudros.
Before and after
- from October 1914 to July 1915German campaign in Angola
- from 16 October 1914 to 31 October 1914Battle of the Yser
- 16 October 1914Founding of Goethe University Frankfurt
- from 19 October 1914 to 22 November 1914First Battle of Ypres
- from 24 October 1914 to 30 October 1918Caucasus campaign
- from 29 October 1914 to 30 October 1918Middle Eastern theater of World War I
- 9 November 1914Birth of Hedy Lamarr
- from 11 November 1914 to 22 November 1914Battle of Basra
- from 3 December 1914 to 9 December 1914Battle of Qurna
More in Wars, politics & history
- 1917Russian Revolution
- from 25 October 1917 to 26 October 1917October Revolution
- 28 June 1919Treaty of Versailles
- from 1933 to 1945The Holocaust
- 30 January 1933Hitler becomes Chancellor of Germany
- from 18 July 1936 to 1 April 1939Spanish Civil War
The era
This moment belongs to the Modern era (1914 CE to 1945 CE), world wars and a changing world. You can also browse everything in the 20th century.