Science & technology

Creation of Microsoft Windows

20 November 1985

Microsoft Windows 1.0 was released in November 1985 by Microsoft, the company founded by Bill Gates and Paul Allen. It was not a complete operating system but a graphical shell that ran on top of MS-DOS, offering windows, icons and mouse control in competition with the Apple Macintosh, which had appeared in 1984. The first version sold modestly and was criticised for its limited performance. Windows 3.0, released in 1990, was the first to be a wide commercial success, and Windows 95 introduced the Start menu and the taskbar and brought the system to a mass audience. Later versions such as Windows XP, Windows 7 and Windows 11 followed. Windows became the most widely used operating system for personal computers.

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