The Rashidun Caliphate was the first Islamic state after the death of the Prophet Muhammad, led by four caliphs, Abu Bakr, Umar, Uthman and Ali, who are known in Sunni tradition as the rightly guided ones. Under Abu Bakr, the new state put down tribal revolts in the Ridda wars, and then, under Umar, Arab armies conquered Syria, Egypt and Iraq from the Byzantine and Sasanian empires and overthrew the Sasanian dynasty of Persia. Uthman had the text of the Quran standardised, but he was assassinated by rebels, and the caliphate under Ali was torn by the first civil war. After Ali was murdered, Muawiya took power and founded the Umayyad Caliphate.
Before and after
- from 629 CE to 1050Arab–Byzantine wars
- from 629 CE to 645 CEXuanzang travels from China to India
- 631 CEOrigins of Islam
- from 632 CE to 633 CERidda Wars
- from June 632 CE to July 661 CERashidun Caliphate
- 8 June 632 CEDeath of Muhammad
- from 633 CE to 640 CEMuslim conquest of the Levant
- from 633 CE to 654 CEMuslim conquest of Persia
- 23 August 634 CEDeath of Abu Bakr
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The era
This moment belongs to the Medieval world (500 CE to 1500 CE), kingdoms, faiths and trade routes. You can also browse everything in the 7th century.