The Hamidian massacres were violent attacks on Armenians in the Ottoman Empire in the mid-1890s, named after Sultan Abdul Hamid II. They began amid Armenian demands for the reforms promised after the Congress of Berlin and after the repression of unrest at Sasun. Ottoman troops, Kurdish irregulars and local mobs carried out killings across the eastern provinces and in cities such as Trabzon, Erzurum and Urfa, where many Armenians were burned in a cathedral in which they sheltered. In 1896 violence also struck Constantinople after Armenian revolutionaries seized the Ottoman Bank. Estimates of the dead vary widely, commonly from about 100,000 to 300,000. The European powers protested but did not intervene, and the massacres are seen as a precursor to the Armenian genocide of 1915.
Before and after
- 25 October 1893Death of Pyotr Ilyich Tchaikovsky
- 26 December 1893Birth of Mao Zedong
- from 1894 to 1906Dreyfus affair
- 1894Publication of The Jungle Book
- from 1894 to 1897Hamidian massacres
- 1 January 1894Birth of Satyendra Nath Bose
- 1894Launch of Billboard
- 1894Publication of Pyramid Texts
- 1894Discovery of argon
More in Wars, politics & history
- 4 July 1776United States Declaration of Independence
- 17 September 1787United States Constitution
- from 1803 to 1815Napoleonic Wars
- 1815Congress of Vienna
- from October 1853 to February 1856Crimean War
- from 19 July 1870 to 28 January 1871Franco-Prussian War
The era
This moment belongs to the Industrial era (1760 CE to 1914 CE), steam, factories and revolutions. You can also browse everything in the 19th century.