The Wars of Scottish Independence were a series of conflicts between Scotland and England in which Scots fought to maintain their kingdom against English claims of overlordship. They began when Edward I of England invaded in 1296 after the Scottish king John Balliol rebelled against him. William Wallace won a famous victory at Stirling Bridge in 1297 but was defeated at Falkirk and later executed. Robert the Bruce, crowned king in 1306, defeated an English army at Bannockburn in 1314. The Declaration of Arbroath of 1320 asserted Scotland's independence, and England recognised it in the Treaty of Edinburgh-Northampton in 1328. A second war began in 1332 and ended with the Treaty of Berwick, which confirmed Scottish independence.
Before and after
- 1 August 1291Founding of Switzerland
- from 1293 to 1527Majapahit
- 18 February 1294Death of Kublai Khan
- from 19 May 1294 to 20 May 1303Gascon War
- from 1296 to 1357Wars of Scottish Independence
- 8 September 1296Construction of Florence Cathedral
- 8 January 1297Founding of Monaco
- 1298Construction of Cathedral of the Holy Cross and Saint Eulalia
- 1298The Travels of Marco Polo
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- 1279Kublai Khan completes the conquest of China
The era
This moment belongs to the Medieval world (500 CE to 1500 CE), kingdoms, faiths and trade routes. You can also browse everything in the 13th century.