The First Balkan War began in October 1912, when Montenegro declared war on the Ottoman Empire, soon followed by its partners in the Balkan League: Serbia, Bulgaria and Greece. The allied armies overwhelmed the Ottoman forces, with Serbian victories at Kumanovo, Bulgarian ones at Lule Burgas and a long siege of Adrianople, while the Greeks took Thessaloniki. Albania proclaimed its independence in November 1912. The Treaty of London in May 1913 left the Ottomans with only a small strip of territory in Europe. The victors could not agree on how to divide the spoils, particularly in Macedonia, and the quarrel led directly to the Second Balkan War a month later.
Before and after
- 31 July 1912Birth of Milton Friedman
- 7 August 1912Victor Hess discovers cosmic rays
- 25 August 1912Birth of Erich Honecker
- from 8 October 1912 to 18 July 1913Balkan Wars
- from 8 October 1912 to 30 May 1913First Balkan War
- 17 October 1912Birth of John Paul I
- from 28 October 1912 to 23 April 1913Siege of Scutari
- 6 December 1912The bust of Nefertiti is found
- 1913Origins of anthroposophy
More in Wars, politics & history
- from 18 June 1812 to 18 February 1815War of 1812
- from October 1853 to February 1856Crimean War
- from 19 July 1870 to 28 January 1871Franco-Prussian War
- from 1885 to 1914Scramble for Africa
- from 25 April 1898 to 11 August 1898Spanish–American War
- from 8 February 1904 to 5 September 1905Russo-Japanese War
The era
This moment belongs to the Industrial era (1760 CE to 1914 CE), steam, factories and revolutions. You can also browse everything in the 20th century.