Wars, politics & history

Convention on Biological Diversity

8 June 1992

The Convention on Biological Diversity is an international treaty adopted at the Earth Summit in Rio de Janeiro to promote the conservation of biodiversity, the sustainable use of its components and the fair sharing of the benefits from genetic resources. It entered into force at the end of 1993 and has been joined by almost every country, although the United States signed but did not ratify it. The convention has produced further agreements, including the Cartagena Protocol on biosafety, the Nagoya Protocol on access to genetic resources and, in 2022, the Kunming-Montreal Global Biodiversity Framework, which includes the target of protecting 30 percent of land and sea by 2030.

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