The Circassian genocide refers to the killing and mass expulsion of Circassians, the Adyghe peoples of the northwestern Caucasus, from their homeland on the Black Sea coast by the Russian Empire at the end of the Caucasian War. After Russian forces conquered the region in the early 1860s, hundreds of thousands of people were killed or forced to leave for the Ottoman Empire, with great loss of life from disease, starvation and shipwreck. Estimates of the numbers vary widely, from several hundred thousand to more than a million. Many survivors settled in Turkey and the Middle East, forming a large diaspora. Scholars and some governments, such as Georgia in 2011, describe the events as genocide, while Russia rejects the term. The 2014 Winter Olympics in Sochi, held on the site of the final campaign, drew new attention to the history.
Before and after
- from 9 November 1799 to 10 November 1799Coup of 18 Brumaire
- 14 December 1799Death of George Washington
- from 1 January 1800 to 17 August 1945Dutch East Indies
- from 1800 to 1900Rise of Romantic music
- from c. 1800s to 1860sCircassian genocide
- 1800Battery
- 18th centuryRite of Adoption
- from 18th century to 19th centuryRomanticism
- 18th centuryAgrippina
More in Wars, politics & history
- 16 December 1773Boston Tea Party
- from 14 July 1789 to 9 November 1799French Revolution
- from 1821 to 1829Greek War of Independence
- from 18 August 1866 to 10 May 1871Unification of Germany
- from 24 April 1877 to 3 March 1878Tenth Russo-Turkish War
- 27 August 1896Anglo-Zanzibar War
The era
This moment belongs to the Industrial era (1760 CE to 1914 CE), steam, factories and revolutions. You can also browse everything in the 18th century.