Circassia was the homeland of the Circassians, a group of peoples of the north-west Caucasus along the Black Sea coast, who spoke languages of the Northwest Caucasian family and lived in tribal societies of princes, nobles and free peasants. In the early modern period they traded with and were influenced by the Crimean Khanate and the Ottoman Empire and many became Muslim. They resisted Russian expansion in a war that lasted for decades. After the Russian victory in 1864, most of the Circassian population was killed or deported to the Ottoman Empire, an event that many historians call a genocide and that is remembered by Circassians around the world. The region is now part of southern Russia.
Before and after
- from c. 1420s to 1440sFounding of Ulugh Beg Observatory
- 1420The Forbidden City is completed
- from June 1422 to March 1430Siege of Thessalonica
- from 1423 to 1454Wars in Lombardy
- from 1427 to 1864Circassia
- 8 May 1429Joan of Arc relieves Orleans
- 1 January 1431Birth of Alexander VI
- 1431Construction of Šibenik Cathedral
- 1431Construction of Bratislava Castle
More in Civilizations & archaeology
- 622 CEConstruction of Prophet's Mosque
- from 800 CE to 1258Islamic Golden Age
- 1070Construction of Windsor Castle
- 1342Construction of Palace of Westminster
- from 1370 to 1789Construction of Bastille
- 1386Construction of Heidelberg University
The era
This moment belongs to the Medieval world (500 CE to 1500 CE), kingdoms, faiths and trade routes. You can also browse everything in the 15th century.