Civilizations & archaeology

Khanate of Khiva

from 1511 to 1920

The Khanate of Khiva was a state in Khorezm, in the lower Amu Darya valley in what is now Uzbekistan and Turkmenistan, ruled by khans of the Uzbek Arabshahid dynasty from the sixteenth century and later by the Qungrat dynasty. Its capital Khiva, with its walled inner city Ichan Kala, became a centre of Islamic scholarship and a hub of caravan trade, though it was also notorious for raiding and the slave trade across the steppe. A Russian army conquered the khanate in 1873 and made it a protectorate, leaving the khan on his throne. In 1920 it was overthrown by a revolution and became the Khorezm People's Soviet Republic.

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