Wars, politics & history

Birth of Ivan the Terrible

25 August 1530

Ivan the Terrible was born on 25 August 1530 in Kolomenskoye. The first ruler of Russia to be crowned tsar, Ivan IV came to the throne as a child and took the new title in 1547. His reign saw the conquest of the khanates of Kazan and Astrakhan, opening the Volga to Russian expansion, as well as legal and administrative reforms and the long and costly Livonian War. He later created the oprichnina, a state within the state that used terror against nobles, and the campaign against Novgorod left thousands dead. His rule strengthened royal power but left Russia weakened, and it was followed by the Time of Troubles.

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